The short answer
After a PhD, many people use OPT or STEM OPT first, then H-1B (often at a cap-exempt university or research center), O-1, or a green card through EB-1 or EB-2 including the National Interest Waiver.
What to know
- F-1 OPT and STEM OPT give work time after graduation.
- H-1B, especially at universities and nonprofit research groups, may avoid the lottery.
- O-1 and EB-1A are for people with strong records.
- EB-2 NIW lets you self-petition if your work is in the national interest.
For the exact rules, forms and fees, see USCIS.
Visa Status is an unofficial site. This is general information in plain words, not legal advice. Rules, fees and forms change, so check the official website and your own papers. Written October 2026.