Side by side
Both let you come to the U.S. to learn. F-1 is for full-time study at a school. J-1 is for approved exchange programs, like research, training or teaching.
| F-1 student | J-1 exchange visitor | |
|---|---|---|
| Main purpose | Study at an approved school or college | Take part in an approved exchange program |
| Who invites you | The school (a SEVP-approved school) | A program sponsor approved by the State Department |
| Form you receive | Form I-20 | Form DS-2019 |
| SEVIS fee (about) | $350 | $220 (less for some programs) |
| Work | Limited on-campus work, plus training such as CPT and OPT | Only what your sponsor approves for your program |
| Home-return rule | No | Some J-1 visitors must go home for 2 years before certain visas or a green card |
| Spouse and children | F-2: spouse cannot work | J-2: spouse may apply for permission to work |
| Length of stay | While you keep your student status | Set by your program |
Rules, fees and limits change, so check the official sites. Unofficial; not legal advice.
Sometimes, but rules about the home-return requirement and timing apply. Ask your sponsor and the school's international office first.
Neither is automatic. The officer looks at your plan and your reasons to return home in both cases.